This malware can also download additional payloads, increasing its flexibility in use by attack operators.
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LuminosityLinkĪt just $40 USD, LuminosityLink is a full featured RAT with keylogging capability that injects its code into almost every running process on a target computer. Modern-day RATs are a reliable and versatile class of tool used by actors across a number of motivations. Remote Administration Tools, or alternatively Remote Access Trojans, enable a malicious actor to assume control over a victim’s computer. The following sections describe some of the more prominent tools observed in the cybercrime ecosystem. Some of these tools are sold as malware creation kits, allowing for flexible incorporation of features into discrete builds for deployment, including both security control evasion and operational capabilities. Some of the most common tools which are being sold in the underground forums are RATs, Crypters, and Infostealers. The technical skillset and expertise of this group can vary greatly, ranging from actors who are experienced cybercriminals to those who are just starting their cybercrime careers.įigure 1: Typical actor roles found in cybercrime underground forums. They use these purchases to compromise and steal data from targeted victims and organizations. These individuals typically buy the tools, exploits, and services advertised in underground forums.
Such offerings are leased at pre-arranged rates, often with guarantees on availability and performance. This category of malicious actor offers different types of services, such as Bullet Proof Hosting Service (BPHS), Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), and others. Back Office Support: Resource-Based Services Provider These offerings include well documented, easy to understand, and step-by-step procedures for anyone seeking to learn more about the tips and tricks of successful cybercrime operations. These individuals provide training services, including aspects such as attack techniques, malware infection and spreading methods, and hosting and managing botnet infrastructure. Back Office Support: Malicious Training Provider Similar to a traditional business advertisement / marketing strategy, solid design and branding influence sales numbers. Having an attractive layout for the tools and services sold in the underground has become essential to attract buyers. This works out well for the tool developers, as they don't have to spend time on creating marketing materials instead, developers outsource this work to these specialists. The designs and layouts are often created by graphic arts and design specialists who themselves competitively advertise their services on forums. Such advertisement incorporates elements such as features and capabilities of the respective tool or service. Tools sold in the underground forums are increasingly advertised through attractive, professional-looking marketing layouts. This language is typical of malware authors who seek to distance themselves from the likely (and often purpose-built) illegal use of their developed software. Most developers market their offering with the disclaimer that the product is strictly for educational purposes and should not be used for any illegal activities. Instead, they sell these offerings in the underground forums for profit. Though the developers are the brains behind associated products, they don't typically use them to directly target victims.
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Higher-end developers are technically proficient individuals who use their knowledge and skills to create software tools and exploits capable of reliably bypassing common security controls to accomplish attacker objectives. Developed tools include Remote Access Trojans / Remote Administration Tools (RATs), Exploit Kits (EKs), Crypters, Keyloggers, and Information Stealers (InfoStealers). These individuals are the developers of the malicious tools and exploits used to perform cybercriminal activities. The following sections highlight typical key forum roles.
The cybercrime underground market comprises several important actor roles overall efficient and effective forum operation. The goal of this post is not to provide an exhaustive directory, but rather to provide additional context on the operations and highly prevalent threats observed within this ecosystem. In this second part of Unit 42’s Cybercrime Underground blog series, we dive into the cybercrime forum ecosystem and focus on observed cybercriminal roles, as well as prevalent tools and services bought and sold in the underground.
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